{"id":1167,"date":"2020-07-16T16:27:15","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T20:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.avocatecriminaliste.ca\/refus-souffler-excuses-raisonnables\/"},"modified":"2023-01-10T13:41:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T18:41:36","slug":"reasonable-excuses-for-refusing-breathalyzer-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.avocatecriminaliste.ca\/en\/reasonable-excuses-for-refusing-breathalyzer-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Reasonable excuses for refusing to take a breathalyzer test"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reasonable excuses for refusing to take a breathalyzer test<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As I explained in <a href=\"\/en\/refusal-to-take-breathalyzer-test\/\">my previous blog entry on the offense of refusing to submit to a breathalyzer test<\/a>, it\u2019s up to the Crown to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you unequivocally refused to obey the order and that you had the intent to refuse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This applies equally whether you refuse to breathe into an approved screening device at roadside or you refuse to breathe into a breathalyzer at the police station. Every essential element of the violation must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt before the question of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable excuse<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be raised.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These elements are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The existence of an order by a peace officer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The failure or refusal of the accused to provide the required breath or blood sample<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proof of the accused\u2019s intent to produce the aforementioned result<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the Crown discharges its burden of proof with regard to each of these elements, the accused will be presumed to have committed the offense, unless he or she can assert a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable excuse.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To determine whether a given behavior constitutes a refusal, the court must take all of the proof into account in order to be sure that the actions of the accused were voluntary. Let\u2019s not forget that the intent of the accused can be inferred from certain behaviors, such as pretending to blow into the device.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intent vs reasonable excuse<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intent shouldn\u2019t be confused with the defense of reasonable excuse. It\u2019s up to the Crown to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you had the intent to refuse to breathe into the device; however, if you choose to use reasonable excuse as a defense, the burden of proof will rest on you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, it\u2019s advisable to have an expert witness on hand to support your defense in court, for example, if you were unable to blow into the device because of an asthmatic condition. After hearing the proof given during the proceedings, if the court doesn\u2019t believe you when you state that you breathed into the device as requested, it goes without saying that the court will conclude that you failed to comply with the order to submit to the breathalyzer test. It all boils down to your credibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What\u2019s a reasonable excuse?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable excuse<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be understood as an excuse based on circumstances that would have made compliance extremely difficult or hazardous to the health of the person ordered to submit to the test. However, it could also encompass any valid reason for which a reasonable person would have refused to submit to the test. Therefore, it may include excuses that aren\u2019t necessarily based on medical considerations. This is why, for example, behavior on the part of a police officer inspiring a lack of trust has sometimes been deemed a reasonable excuse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any reasonable excuse submitted to the court essentially implies a question of the facts. Reasonableness must not be assessed simply on the grounds of the sincerity of the person affirming the excuse but, rather, on what is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">objectively reasonable<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as an excuse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Needless to say, as long as the accused attempted to submit to the order to provide the required breath sample and appears to have complied with the peace officer\u2019s request, the prosecution must prove that the peace officer provided an adequate explanation to ensure the success of the test, that the accused appeared to understand the explanation and that the peace officer verified that the device was in proper working condition and that the mouthpiece was functioning correctly and wasn\u2019t obstructed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, when there has been a clear lack of cooperation on the part of the accused during the test, the Crown must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that it was an intentional violation of the order. In that case, the court will not need to ponder the question of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable excuse.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each case must be examined by the court in order to determine if the excuse is reasonable, as there is no set list of criteria.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, the following <\/span><b>could possibly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> constitute a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable excuse:<\/span><\/i><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serious health problems, such as lung conditions, heart conditions, diabetes, serious injuries, hyperventilation, shortness of breath caused by asthma, extreme nervousness or breathing problems resulting from a panic attack<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That said, a reasonable excuse must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking all of the circumstances into account.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following <\/span><b>do not constitute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonable excuse:<\/span><\/i><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Affirming that you did nothing wrong<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having a migraine at the time of complying with the order<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wishing to wait for your lawyer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feeling perfectly capable of driving<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Claiming that <a href=\"\/en\/driving-under-the-influence-dui\/\">you didn\u2019t drink or that you weren\u2019t under the influence of alcohol, having offered to submit to a breathalyzer procedure at the police station<\/a> rather than breathing into the approved screening device or to submit a blood sample rather than a breath sample<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Affirming that, prior to being stopped by the police, during the period established by law, you weren\u2019t driving or you didn\u2019t have control of the vehicle<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fearing that the approved screening device or breathalyzer is unreliable, based on subjective criteria<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, the law doesn\u2019t recognize a severe state of intoxication as a reasonable excuse justifying your failure or refusal to provide a breath sample if you\u2019ve been ordered to do so.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reasonable excuses for refusing to take a breathalyzer test As I explained in my previous blog entry on the offense of refusing to submit to a breathalyzer test, it\u2019s up to the Crown to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you unequivocally refused to obey the order and that you had the intent to refuse. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Reasonable Excuses for Refusing Breathalyzer Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If you choose to use reasonable excuse as a defense for refusing to take a breathlyzer test, the burden of proof will rest on you.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.avocatecriminaliste.ca\/en\/reasonable-excuses-for-refusing-breathalyzer-test\/\" \/>\n<meta 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